Timeline

  1. Iran nationalises its oil industry

    Nationalisation challenges British control of the oil industry and its revenues.

  2. A CIA- and MI6-backed coup overthrows Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh

    Declassified records document US participation in the operation and its Iranian political setting.

  3. The Islamic Revolution topples the monarchy

    The armed forces withdraw support for the remaining royal government; the Islamic Republic follows later in 1979.

  4. The US embassy hostage crisis in Tehran

    The embassy seizure produces a prolonged crisis, resolved through the Algiers arrangements.

  5. The Iran–Iraq war

    The war begins with Iraq’s invasion and ends with the August 1988 ceasefire.

  6. The IAEA reports failures in Iran's nuclear safeguards declarations

    The report records failures to declare nuclear material, activities and facilities.

  7. Iran and six world powers agree the nuclear deal (JCPOA)

    Nuclear restrictions and verification measures are exchanged for agreed sanctions relief.

  8. The nuclear agreement reaches Implementation Day

    IAEA verification of specified steps triggers the agreed implementation measures.

  9. The US withdraws from the nuclear deal and reimposes sanctions

    Trump announces withdrawal and restoration of US nuclear-related sanctions with implementation periods.

  10. A US drone strike kills General Qassem Soleimani

    A US strike in Baghdad kills the commander of the Revolutionary Guards' Quds Force.

  11. Israel and Iran fight a 12-day war; the US strikes Iranian nuclear sites

  12. The United States and Israel begin strikes on Iran

  13. The United States and Iran agree a memorandum of understanding

  14. A ceasefire between the United States and Iran collapses

  15. The bulk carrier Cape Dao is attacked near the Strait of Hormuz

  16. Iran proposes a seven-day ceasefire and phased reopening of the Strait of Hormuz

  17. Trump rejects Iran's seven-day proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz

  18. US and Iran remain in indirect contact through Qatari mediation

  19. Attacks on ships reported around the Strait of Hormuz reach their highest weekly number of the war

  20. Tanker Gem No.2 is struck off the UAE; its oil later reaches Umm Al Quwain's beaches

  21. Singapore-flagged container ship GFS Pride is struck in the Strait of Hormuz and sinks

  22. Britain approves RAF Typhoon missions to help defend Saudi airspace from Houthi drones and missiles

  23. Houthi strike on Dammam airport kills two; US orders non-emergency staff out of Saudi Arabia

  24. Iran's Revolutionary Guards claim seven tankers hit in and near the Strait of Hormuz

  25. Brent crude settles at $116.72, its highest since April, as Trump threatens new strikes on Iran

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